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Once you have done your research and have developed ideas for you paper, it's time to start writing! This Resource Page shows you how to draft research papers and literature reviews following a three-step process.

Often overlooked in the research paper writing process, the Conclusion is important in that it reminds the reader of the key points in the body of the text, communicates important takeaways, and zooms out to discuss the larger implications of the paper’s findings or arguments. This Resource Page will cover three key steps or moves that comprise an effective Conclusion.

The Introduction of your research paper is important as it should grab the reader’s attention, provide needed background information and context for the paper’s focus, and outline your main arguments and/or research questions. This Resource Page will cover five key steps or moves that comprise an effective Introduction.

In academic writing, ideas must stick together logically (cohesion) and make sense as a whole (coherence). This Resource Page will help you write logical and smooth connections between ideas. 

Academic writing is a type of formal conversation where you need to engage your readers by telling them what you will do in your paper and its sections, how you will organize the content, and what you have done in previous sections. This is called Signposting, and with this Resource Page you will learn how to use it in your papers.

Professors often instruct you to "take a stance" and "use your voice and the voices of others" in your written work. This Resource Page will help you understand what stance and voice are and how to use them effectively in academic writing.

Integrating others’ research into your own writing is essential for your assignments. This Resource Page will help you learn effective strategies for integrating others’ research. 

There are several strategies for writing paragraphs depending on writing purpose, text type, and writer's preferences. In this Resource Page you will find some common strategies to organize ideas and draft paragraphs.

This Resource Page will help you identify and write different types of paragraphs.

Advice on Academic Writing is a website of resources with practical tips and strategies on academic writing created by UofT writing advisors.